The world's oldest board game: The Royal Game of Ur | Irving Finkel and Lex Fridman

About The Royal Game of Ur, from BoardGameGeek:

The game has been published under different names but it is a simple race game very much like Backgammon. This edition has a board that is a reproduction of the original found in the Mesopotamian city of Ur. Each player brings their 7 pieces in to play and takes them off of their outer track. Opposing pieces come into conflict on the inner track that they must travel on to the exit. If you land on a space occupied by a single opponent's piece you send it back to the start. If you land on a space occupied by 2 or more opponent's pieces then your piece goes back to the start. The four dice give a marked or blank result. They are tetrahedral (four-sided) dice. Each die gives a "1" or a "0". You can roll 0,1,2,3, or 4. Statistically, 2 is most common- a good thing to bear in mind. The rosette in the central track is a "safe" place from which you cannot be bumped, but you can be bumped on others. Landing on any rosette allows you to roll again, but you don't need to move that same piece. All moves must be made by one piece only. First to bear off all 7 of his pieces wins. Note - Rules update in line with guidance from Irving Finkel from British Museum. The game may be a relative of Senet and Aseb.