I call this "the most Roman game of them all" - Duodecim Scriptorum!

About Duodecim Scriptorum, from BoardGameGeek:

This game is sometimes referred to an "Roman backgammon" but is different not only because of the board-- which could be drawn in the dirt using "12 Lines" and hence the name-- and because the Romans used tetrahedral knuck-bones instead of the more modern six-sided dice, the game is also more like the backgammon variant Acey-Ducey [traditional among seamen] in that the pieces start off the board, that rolls must be exact to take a piece off the board and other details.